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Averrage Number of Kid Per Family in 1900 Russia

Written By Friday, March 4, 2022 Add Comment Edit

Overview of the demographics of Russia

Demographics of Russia
Russian population (demographic) pyramid (structure) on January, 1st, 2022.png

Population pyramid of Russian federation as of 1 Jan 2022
Population 145,478,097 (2022 estimate)[1]
Growth rate Neutral decrease -vii.2 (December 1st, 2021)
Birth charge per unit ix.eight births/one,000 population (2021)[2]
Death rate 16.seven deaths/1,000 population (2021)[2]
Life expectancy Increase 73.34 years (2019)[3]
 • male person 67.75 years (2018)[4]
 • female person 77.82 years (2018)[4]
Fertility rate Increase i.52 (2021)[5]
Infant mortality rate 4.9 deaths/1,000 alive births (2019)[6]
Internet migration rate i.69 migrant(southward)/ane,000 population (2014)
Age structure
Under 18 years ~23.21%[7]
18–44 years ~34.73%[vii]
45–64 years 26.55%[7]
65 and over 15.6%[vii]
Sex ratio
Total 0.86 male person(s)/female (2009)
At birth i.06 male(s)/female person
Under xv 1.06 male(due south)/female (male person xi,980,138/female 11,344,818)
fifteen–64 years 0.925 male(s)/female (male 48,166,470/female 52,088,967)
65 and over 0.44 male(s)/female person (male 5,783,983/female xiii,105,896)
Nationality
Nationality noun: Russian(s) describing word: Russian
Major ethnic Russians
Language
Spoken Russian, others
Historical population
Year Pop. ±% p.a.
0 i,210,000 —
chiliad 2,520,000 +0.07%
1500 7,560,000 +0.22%
1600 9,450,000 +0.22%
1700 10,710,000 +0.xiii%
1800 31,300,000 +ane.08%
1897 67,473,000 +0.lxxx%
1926 93,459,000 +1.13%
1939 108,377,000 +1.15%
1959 117,534,000 +0.41%
1970 130,079,000 +0.93%
1979 137,552,000 +0.62%
1989 147,386,000 +0.69%
2002 145,166,731 −0.12%
2010 142,856,836 −0.twenty%
2015 144,985,057 +0.30%
2019 146,764,655 +0.31%
2020 146,459,803 −0.21%
Source:[8] [ix] [x] [ failed verification ] [11]

Russia, the largest country in the earth past area, had a population of 142.eight one thousand thousand according to the 2010 census,[12] which rose to 145.v million equally 1st of January 2022.[i] It is the well-nigh populous country in Europe, and the ninth-about populous country in the world; with a population density of 9 inhabitants per square kilometre (23 per square mile).[13] The overall life expectancy in Russian federation at birth is 73.two years (68.ii years for males and 78.0 years for females).[xiv]

Since the 1990s, Russia's death rate has exceeded its birth charge per unit, which has been called a demographic crunch by analysts.[15] In 2018, the total fertility charge per unit beyond Russia was estimated to exist i.vi children built-in per woman, which is below the replacement rate of 2.1, and is one of the world's lowest fertility rates.[16] Later on, the nation has one of the earth's oldest populations, with a median historic period of 40.3 years.[17] In 2009, Russia recorded annual population growth for the first fourth dimension in fifteen years; and during the mid 2010s, Russia had seen increased population growth due to declining expiry rates, increased birth rates and increased immigration.[18] Nevertheless, since 2020, due to excess deaths from the COVID-nineteen pandemic, Russian federation's population has undergone its largest peacetime turn down in recorded history.[19]

Russia is a multinational state, home to over 193 indigenous groups nationwide.[20] In the 2010 Census, roughly 81% of the population were ethnic Russians,[20] and the remaining 19% of the population were ethnic minorities,[21] and over four-fifths of Russian federation'southward population was of European descent,[21] of which the vast majority were Slavs,[22] with a substantial minority of Finnic and Germanic peoples.[23] [24] According to the United Nations, Russia'due south immigrant population is the globe's third-largest, numbering over 11.vi 1000000;[25] most of whom are from other mail service-Soviet states.[26]

History [edit]

Total fertility rate, 1840–1926 [edit]

Russian population by age and sex activity (demographic pyramid) on 1 January 1927

Russian population past age and sex (demographic pyramid) on 1 January 1946

The total fertility rate is the number of children born to each woman. It is based on fairly proficient data for the entire period. Sources: Our World In Data and Gapminder Foundation.[27]

In many of the following years, Russian federation had the highest total fertility rate in the world.[27] These elevated fertility rates did not lead to population growth due to the casualties of the Russian Revolution, the ii world wars and political killings.

Total fertility charge per unit in Russia 1840–1926
Years 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849[27]
7 7 7 7.01 7.02 7.03 seven.05 7.06 7.08 7.08
Years 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859[27]
7.07 7.07 7.07 vii.06 7.05 7.03 7.01 vii half-dozen.98 6.97
Years 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869[27]
6.95 half-dozen.93 6.95 6.96 6.98 vi.99 7.01 7.02 6.51 six.87
Years 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879[27]
half dozen.74 7.03 6.85 7.24 7.17 seven.15 7.02 vi.87 6.58 6.98
Years 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889[27]
6.8 6.66 seven.03 6.89 6.83 6.74 6.47 six.61 half-dozen.96 6.viii
Years 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899[27]
6.71 7.44 six.57 seven.17 7.18 7.34 7.43 7.52 7.28 7.36
Years 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909[27]
7.36 vii.two 7.36 vii.2 vii.24 6.72 seven.04 7.08 7.44 vii.12
Years 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919[27]
7.2 7.2 7.2 6.96 half-dozen.88 3.36 5.2 v.04 five.72 3.44
Years 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926[27]
6.72 4.72 6 6.48 6.72 half-dozen.eight half-dozen.72

Historical crude birth rates [edit]

Years 1801–1810 1811–1820 1821–1830 1831–1840 1841–1850 1851–1860[28]
Rough nascence rates of Russia 43.vii xl.0 42.7 45.6 49.vii 52.4
Years 1861–1870 1871–1880 1881–1890 1891–1900 1901–1910 1911–1914 18th century
(only Orthodoxs) 		1801–1860
(just Orthodoxs)[28]
Crude nascency rates of Russia 50.3 50.iv 50.iv 49.ii 46.8 43.nine 51.0 l.0
Average population[29] Live births Deaths Natural change Rough birth rate (per one,000) Crude expiry charge per unit (per ane,000) Natural alter (per 1,000) Total fertility rates Life Expectancy (male) Life Expectancy (female)
1927 94,596,000 4,688,000 2,705,000 1,983,000 49.6 28.6 21.0 6.73 33.7 37.9
1928 96,654,000 4,723,000 2,589,000 2,134,000 48.ix 26.8 22.1 6.56 35.ix forty.iv
1929 98,644,000 4,633,000 ii,819,000 1,814,000 47.0 28.6 xviii.4 vi.23 33.7 38.2
1930 100,419,000 4,413,000 2,738,000 1,675,000 43.9 27.3 16.7 v.83 34.6 38.7
1931 101,948,000 iv,412,000 three,090,000 1,322,000 43.3 30.3 13.0 5.63 xxx.vii 35.5
1932 103,136,000 4,058,000 iii,077,000 981,000 39.3 29.eight 9.5 five.09 30.5 35.7
1933 102,706,000 iii,313,000 5,239,000 -i,926,000 32.three 51.0 -18.8 4.fifteen 15.2 19.v
1934 102,922,000 2,923,000 2,659,000 264,000 28.7 26.1 ii.six 3.57 xxx.five 35.seven
1935 102,684,000 iii,577,000 2,421,000 1,156,000 34.viii 23.six 11.three 4.31 33.1 38.four
1936 103,904,000 3,899,000 two,719,000 ane,180,000 37.5 26.ii 11.4 4.54 xxx.4 35.7
1937 105,358,000 4,377,000 2,760,000 1,617,000 41.5 26.2 fifteen.3 v.08 30.5 40.0
1938 107,044,000 4,379,000 2,739,000 1,640,000 forty.9 25.6 15.3 4.99 31.seven 42.5
1939 108,785,000 4,329,000 2,600,000 1,729,000 39.8 23.9 xv.nine 4.91 34.9 42.6
1940 110,333,000 3,814,000 2,561,000 one,253,000 34.6 23.2 11.4 iv.26 35.7 41.ix
Full Fertility Rate in Russia 1941–1945
Years 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945[27]
four.60 2.96 1.68 1.72 i.92

Subsequently WWII [edit]

Vital Statistics of Russia 1946–2021[29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] [35] [36] [37]
Total boilerplate midyear population Alive births Deaths Natural change Rough birth rate (per 1,000) Rough death rate (per i,000) Natural change (per 1,000) Total fertility rates[fn 1] Urban fertility Rural fertility Life Expectancy (male) Life Expectancy (female) Life Expectancy (full) Abortions (including miscarriage) reported
1946 98,028,000 2,546,000 1,210,000 1,336,000 26.0 12.3 13.6 ii.81 46.6 55.iii
1947 98,834,000 two,715,000 i,680,000 ane,035,000 27.5 17.0 10.v 2.94 39.ix 49.eight
1948 99,706,000 two,516,000 1,310,000 1,206,000 25.2 13.1 12.1 2.threescore 47.0 56.0
1949 101,160,000 3,089,000 1,187,000 1,902,000 30.5 11.7 xviii.8 iii.21 51.0 59.eight
1950 102,833,000 ii,859,000 1,180,000 1,679,000 27.8 11.v 16.3 two.89 52.3 61.0
1951 104,439,000 two,938,000 1,210,000 i,728,000 28.1 11.6 sixteen.five 2.92 52.iii 60.6
1952 106,164,000 2,928,000 one,138,000 1,790,000 27.half-dozen 10.7 16.ix ii.87 54.6 62.9
1953 107,828,000 ii,822,000 ane,118,000 1,704,000 26.2 ten.4 15.8 two.73 55.5 63.9
1954 109,643,000 iii,048,000 1,133,000 1,915,000 27.viii 10.3 17.five 2.97 55.9 64.i
1955 111,572,000 2,942,000 1,037,000 ane,905,000 26.4 nine.3 17.1 ii.82 58.3 66.6
1956 113,327,000 2,827,000 956,000 1,871,000 24.9 8.iv 16.5 2.73 60.i 68.8
1957 115,035,000 2,880,000 1,017,000 1,863,000 25.0 8.eight 16.2 2.75 59.7 68.4 3,407,398
1958 116,749,000 2,861,000 931,000 1,930,000 24.5 8.0 16.5 2.69 61.8 seventy.4 3,939,362
1959 118,307,000 2,796,228 920,225 one,876,003 23.half dozen seven.eight 15.9 two.58 2.03 three.34 62.84 71.14 67.65 4,174,111
1960 119,906,000 2,782,353 886,090 1,896,263 23.2 7.4 xv.8 two.56 2.06 three.26 63.67 72.31 68.67 4,373,042
1961 121,586,000 2,662,135 901,637 1,760,498 21.9 7.4 14.5 2.47 2.04 3.08 63.91 72.63 68.92 4,759,040
1962 123,128,000 2,482,539 949,648 one,532,891 20.2 7.vii 12.4 two.36 one.98 2.92 63.67 72.27 68.58 4,925,124
1963 124,514,000 2,331,505 932,055 1,399,450 18.7 7.5 eleven.2 2.31 1.93 2.87 64.12 72.78 69.05 five,134,100
1964 125,744,000 2,121,994 901,751 1,220,243 16.9 7.two 9.7 ii.19 1.88 2.66 64.89 73.58 69.85 5,376,200
1965 126,749,000 one,990,520 958,789 ane,031,731 15.7 7.vi 8.1 2.14 ane.82 2.58 64.37 73.33 69.44 5,463,300
1966 127,608,000 one,957,763 974,299 983,464 xv.3 vii.six seven.7 2.xiii 1.85 two.58 64.29 73.55 69.51 5,322,500
1967 128,361,000 one,851,041 i,017,034 834,007 14.4 vii.9 six.5 two.03 1.79 two.46 64.02 73.43 69.30 five,005,000
1968 129,037,000 one,816,509 one,040,096 776,413 xiv.1 8.1 6.0 1.98 i.75 2.44 63.73 73.56 69.26 4,872,900
1969 129,660,000 1,847,592 1,106,640 740,952 fourteen.ii eight.five v.7 1.99 i.78 ii.44 63.07 73.29 68.74 iv,751,100
1970 130,252,000 1,903,713 1,131,183 772,530 xiv.6 8.7 5.ix 2.00 1.77 2.52 63.07 73.44 68.86 four,837,700
1971 130,934,000 1,974,637 1,143,359 831,278 fifteen.1 8.seven vi.iii 2.02 1.80 2.60 63.24 73.77 69.12 iv,838,749
1972 131,687,000 2,014,638 1,181,802 832,836 15.3 9.0 6.3 2.03 1.81 2.59 63.24 73.62 69.02 4,765,900
1973 132,434,000 1,994,621 1,214,204 780,417 fifteen.one 9.2 5.9 i.96 ane.75 2.55 63.28 73.56 69.00 4,747,037
1974 133,217,000 2,079,812 ane,222,495 857,317 xv.6 9.2 6.iv two.00 1.78 2.63 63.12 73.77 68.99 4,674,050
1975 134,092,000 2,106,147 1,309,710 796,437 15.7 9.8 five.9 1.97 1.76 2.64 62.48 73.23 68.35 4,670,700
1976 135,026,000 2,146,711 1,352,950 793,761 15.ix ten.0 v.9 1.96 i.74 two.62 62.19 73.04 68.x 4,757,055
1977 135,979,000 2,156,724 i,387,986 768,738 15.nine 10.2 5.7 ane.92 1.72 two.58 61.82 73.xix 67.97 4,686,063
1978 136,922,000 2,179,030 i,417,377 761,653 15.9 10.4 five.6 1.90 1.lxx 2.55 61.83 73.23 68.01 4,656,057
1979 137,758,000 2,178,542 i,490,057 688,485 15.8 10.8 5.0 ane.87 1.67 2.54 61.49 73.02 67.73 4,544,040
1980 138,483,000 2,202,779 1,525,755 677,024 15.9 11.0 iv.9 1.87 1.68 2.51 61.38 72.96 67.70 4,506,249
1981 139,221,000 2,236,608 1,524,286 712,322 16.one 10.9 v.1 1.88 1.69 ii.55 61.61 73.18 67.92 4,400,676
1982 140,067,000 two,328,044 ane,504,200 823,844 sixteen.vi 10.7 5.9 1.96 1.76 ii.63 62.24 73.64 68.38 4,462,825
1983 141,056,000 2,478,322 1,563,995 914,327 17.6 xi.1 6.5 two.11 1.89 2.76 62.15 73.41 68.15 4,317,729
1984 142,061,000 two,409,614 one,650,866 758,748 17.0 11.6 five.iii 2.06 1.86 2.69 61.71 72.96 67.67 4,361,959
1985 143,033,000 2,375,147 1,625,266 749,881 sixteen.6 11.4 five.2 2.05 1.87 2.68 62.72 73.23 68.33 iv,552,443
1986 144,156,000 2,485,915 ane,497,975 987,940 17.two 10.4 six.nine ii.18 1.98 ii.83 64.77 74.22 69.95 four,579,400
1987 145,386,000 ii,499,974 1,531,585 968,389 17.2 10.v vi.vii 2.22 1.974 three.187 64.83 74.26 69.96 4,385,627
1988 146,505,000 ii,348,494 i,569,112 779,382 sixteen.0 10.7 5.3 ii.thirteen 1.ninety iii.06 64.61 74.25 69.81 4,608,953
1989 147,342,000 2,160,559 1,583,743 576,816 14.7 10.7 3.9 2.01 ane.83 2.63 64.20 74.50 69.73 iv,427,713
1990 147,969,000 1,988,858 1,655,993 332,865 xiii.iv eleven.ii 2.ii ane.892 1.698 2.600 63.76 74.32 69.36 4,103,425
1991 148,394,000 i,794,626 one,690,657 103,969 12.1 xi.iv 0.seven i.732 1.531 2.447 63.41 74.23 69.11 3,608,421
1992 148,538,000 1,587,644 one,807,441 –219,797 10.7 12.2 –one.v 1.547 1.351 2.219 61.96 73.71 67.98 iii,436,695
1993 148,459,000 1,378,983 ii,129,339 –750,356 9.3 14.three –5.1 1.369 1.200 one.946 58.eighty 71.85 65.24 3,243,957
1994 148,408,000 i,408,159 two,301,366 –893,207 9.five 15.5 –6.0 1.394 one.238 1.917 57.38 71.07 63.93 3,060,237
1995 148,376,000 one,363,806 2,203,811 –840,005 nine.two xiv.9 –5.7 one.337 ane.193 1.813 58.eleven 71.60 64.62 two,766,362
1996 148,160,000 1,304,638 2,082,249 –777,611 eight.8 14.1 –v.2 1.270 1.140 1.705 59.61 72.41 65.89 2,652,038
1997 147,915,000 1,259,943 2,015,779 –755,836 eight.v 13.half dozen –5.1 1.218 one.097 1.624 60.84 72.85 66.79 2,498,716
1998 147,671,000 i,283,292 1,988,744 –705,452 eight.7 13.5 –4.viii one.232 1.109 1.643 61.nineteen 73.12 67.14 2,346,138
1999 147,215,000 1,214,689 two,144,316 –929,627 8.three xiv.half dozen –6.3 i.157 1.045 i.534 59.86 72.42 65.99 2,181,153
2000 146,597,000 one,266,800 2,225,332 –958,532 eight.6 15.2 –vi.v i.195 1.089 i.554 58.99 72.25 65.38 ii,138,800
2001 145,976,000 1,311,604 2,254,856 –943,252 9.0 15.iv –6.5 i.223 one.124 i.564 58.88 72.16 65.30 two,114,700
2002 145,306,496 ane,396,967 two,332,272 –935,305 9.six 16.1 –6.4 1.286 ane.189 1.633 58.68 71.90 64.95 1,944,481
2003 144,648,624 i,477,301 two,365,826 –888,525 10.2 xvi.4 –6.1 1.319 1.223 1.666 58.53 71.85 64.84 1,864,647
2004 144,067,312 one,502,477 two,295,402 –792,925 10.4 15.nine –v.5 1.344 1.253 one.654 58.91 72.36 65.31 one,797,567
2005 143,518,816 1,457,376 2,303,935 –846,559 10.2 16.i –5.nine one.294 1.207 one.576 58.92 72.47 65.37 one,675,693
2006 143,049,632 1,479,637 2,166,703 –687,066 x.3 15.ane –iv.8 one.305 1.210 1.601 sixty.43 73.34 66.69 1,582,398
2007 142,805,120 i,610,122 ii,080,445 –470,323 eleven.three 14.6 –iii.3 1.416 one.294 1.798 61.46 74.02 67.61 1,479,010
2008 142,742,368 1,713,947 2,075,954 –362,007 12.0 14.5 –two.6 1.502 1.372 i.912 61.92 74.28 67.99 1,385,600
2009 142,785,344 1,761,687 2,010,543 –248,856 12.3 14.1 –one.7 1.542 1.415 i.941 62.87 74.79 68.78 1,292,389
2010 142,849,472 1,788,948 two,028,516 –239,568 12.five fourteen.two –i.seven i.567 1.439 1.983 63.09 74.88 68.94 i,186,108
2011 142,960,908 ane,796,629 1,925,720 –129,091 12.half-dozen 13.5 –0.9 i.582 1.442 2.056 64.04 75.61 69.83 1,124,880
2012 143,201,700 1,902,084 1,906,335 –iv,251 xiii.3 13.3 –0.0 1.691 one.541 two.215 64.56 75.86 70.24 1,063,982
2013 143,506,995 one,895,822 i,871,809 24,013 xiii.iii thirteen.0 0.2 one.707 ane.551 2.264 65.xiv 76.31 70.77 1,012,399
2014 146,090,613 1,942,683 1,912,347 30,336 xiii.three 13.1 0.ii 1.750 i.588 2.318 65.29 76.49 70.93 929,963
2015 146,405,999 1,940,579 1,908,541 32,038 thirteen.3 13.one 0.2 ane.777 ane.678 2.111 65.92 76.71 71.39 848,180
2016 146,674,541 i,888,729 1,891,015 –2,286 12.nine 12.9 –0.0 ane.762 1.672 2.056 66.50 77.06 71.87 836,611
2017 146,842,402 one,690,307 1,826,125 –135,818 11.5 12.4 –0.9 one.621 one.527 1.923 67.51 77.64 72.70 779,848
2018 146,830,576 1,604,344 1,828,910 –224,566 10.nine 12.5 –1.five i.579 1.489 1.870 67.75 77.81 72.91 661,045
2019 146,764,655 ane,481,074 1,798,307 –317,233 10.1 12.3 –2.2 1.504 1.43 one.75 68.24 78.17 73.34 621,652
2020 146,459,803 1,436,514 2,138,586 –702,072 ix.8 14.5 –4.7 1.505 66.49 76.43 71.54 553,500
2021 145,424,556 1,402,834 2,445,509 -one,042,675 9.6 16.viii -seven.ii i.514 65.47 74.44 70.00 490,419

Note: Russian data includes Crimea starting in 2014.

Current vital statistics [edit]

[2]

Period Live births Deaths Natural increase
January – December 2020 1,435,750 2,124,479 −688,729
Jan – December 2021 1,402,834 2,445,509 −ane,042,675
Difference Decrease -32,916 (−2.three%) Negative increase +321,030 (+15.one%) Decrease -353,946 (+51.4%)

Demographic statistics [edit]

Population pyramid of Russia on 1 January 1941

Population pyramid of Russian federation as of i Jan 2015.

Birth and death rates and natural growth, 1927–1940

Birth and decease rates and natural growth, 1950–2014

Life expectancy in Russia, 1896–2019

Demographic statistics co-ordinate to the latest Rosstat vital statistics[ii] and the Earth Population Review in 2019.[38]

  • One nascence every 22 seconds[2]
  • One death every xiii seconds[2]
  • Net loss of one person every 30 seconds[ii]
  • 1 net migrant every 4 minutes[38]

Demographic statistics according to the U.s. based CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.[39]

Population
142,122,776 (July 2018 est.)
142,257,519 (July 2017 est.)
Historic period structure
0–14 years: 17.21% (male 12,566,314 /female 11,896,416)
15–24 years: 9.41% (male 6,840,759 /female 6,530,991)
25–54 years: 44.21% (male 30,868,831 /female 31,960,407)
55–64 years: 14.51% (male viii,907,031 /female eleven,709,921)
65 years and over: 14.66% (male 6,565,308 /female 14,276,798) (2018 est.)
0–14 years: 17.12% (male 12,509,563/female person 11,843,254)
15–24 years: nine.46% (male person 6,881,880/female vi,572,191)
25–54 years: 44.71% (male 31,220,990/female 32,375,489)
55–64 years: 14.44% (male person 8,849,707/female person 11,693,131)
65 years and over: 14.28% (male half dozen,352,557/female xiii,958,757) (2017 est.)
Median age
total: 39.viii years. Country comparing to the world: 52nd
male person: 36.9 years
female: 42.7 years (2018 est.)
total: 39.6 years
male: 36.6 years
female: 42.5 years (2017 est.)
total: 39.six years
male: 36.7 years
female: 41.6 years (2009)[xl]
Birth charge per unit
10.seven births/ane,000 population (2018 est.) State comparison to the world: 184th
11 births/1,000 population (2017 est.)
Expiry rate
thirteen.4 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 8th
Total fertility charge per unit
1.61 children born/woman (2018 est.) Country comparison to the earth: 179th
Net migration rate
one.seven migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.) Country comparison to the world: 52nd
Population growth rate
–0.xi% (2018 est.) Country comparing to the world: 205th
–0.08% (2017 est.)
+0.19% (2014 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth
24.6 years (2009 est.)
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 71.3 years. Country comparison to the world: 155th
male: 65.half-dozen years
female: 77.three years (2018 est.)
Baby mortality rate
total: 6.8 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 7.6 deaths/1,000 alive births
female: 5.nine deaths/ane,000 live births (2017 est.) Country comparison to the world: 163rd
Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2015 est.)

total population: 99.7%
male: 99.7%
female person: 99.6% (2015 est.)
Schoolhouse life expectancy (primary to 3rd education)
total: 16 years
male: 15 years
female: sixteen years (2016)
Unemployment, youth ages 15–24
full: 16%. Land comparison to the world: 83rd
male: 15.3%
female person: xvi.9% (2015 est.)
Ethnic groups

Russian 80.ix%, Tatar 3.9%, Ukrainian 1.4%, Bashkir 1.1%, Chavash 1%, Chechen 1%, other 10.2%, unspecified iii.9% note: nigh 200 national and/or ethnic groups are represented in Russia'southward 2010 demography (2010 est.)

Religions

Russian Orthodox 15–20%, Muslim 10–15%, other Christian 2% (2006 est.) Note: estimates are of practicing worshipers; Russia has big populations of not-practicing believers and not-believers, a legacy of over seven decades of Soviet rule; Russian federation officially recognizes Orthodox Christianity, Islam, Judaism, and Buddhism equally traditional religions.

Languages

Russian (official) 85.vii%, Tatar 3.2%, Chechen 1%, other 10.i%. Note: data represent native language spoken (2010 est.)

Population distribution

Population is heavily full-bodied in the westernmost fifth of the country extending from the Baltic Sea, s to the Caspian Sea, and due east parallel to the Kazakh border; elsewhere, sizeable pockets are isolated and generally found in the south

Urbanization
urban population: 74.4% of total population (2018)
charge per unit of urbanization: 0.eighteen% almanac charge per unit of change (2015–20 est.)
74% urban, 26% rural (2010 Russian Demography)
Population density

8.4 people per square kilometer (2010 Russian Census)[41]

Sex ratio

at nascence: i.06 male(s)/female
under fifteen years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15–64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.46 male(s)/female
full population: 0.86 male(s)/female (2009)[twoscore]

Immigration [edit]

In 2006, in a bid to compensate for the country's demographic decline, the Russian authorities started simplifying clearing laws and launched a state program "for providing assistance to voluntary immigration of ethnic Russians from former Soviet republics".[42] In Baronial 2012, every bit the country saw its first demographic growth since the 1990s, President Putin declared that Russia'southward population could accomplish 146 million by 2025, mainly as a result of immigration.[43] New citizenship rules introduced in April 2014 allowing eligible citizens from former Soviet republics to obtain Russian citizenship, have gained strong interest amid Russian-speaking residents of those countries (i.due east. Russians, Germans, Belarusians and Ukrainians).[44] [45]

In that location are an estimated four one thousand thousand undocumented immigrants from the ex-Soviet states in Russia.[46] In 2012, the Russian Federal Security Service's Border Service stated there had been an increase in undocumented migration from the Centre E and Southeast Asia (Notation that these were Temporary Contract Migrants)[47] Under legal changes made in 2012, undocumented immigrants who are caught will be banned from reentering the country for 10 years.[48] [49]

Since the collapse of the USSR, most immigrants have come up from Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Azerbaijan, Moldova, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Armenia, Republic of belarus, and People's republic of china.[l]

Worker migration [edit]

Temporary migrant workers in Russian federation consists of about vii meg people, most of the temporary workers come up from Central Asia, the Balkans and East asia. Virtually of them work in the construction, cleaning and in the household industries. They primarily live in cities such every bit Moscow, Sochi and Blagoveshchensk. The mayor of Moscow said that Moscow cannot do without worker migrants. New laws are in place that crave worker migrants to be fluent in Russian, know Russian history and laws. The Russian Opposition and virtually of the Russian population opposes worker migration. The hate of worker migration has become so severe it has acquired a rise in Russian nationalism, and spawned groups like Move Against Illegal Immigration.[51] [52]

Health [edit]

Russia, by constitution, guarantees free, universal health intendance for all Russian citizens, through a compulsory state health insurance plan.[54] The Ministry of Wellness of the Russian Federation oversees the Russian public healthcare system, and the sector employs more than 2 million people. Federal regions also take their own departments of wellness that oversee local administration. A dissever private health insurance plan is needed to access private healthcare in Russia.[55]

Russian federation spent 5.32% of its Gross domestic product on healthcare in 2018.[56] Its healthcare expenditure is notably lower than other adult nations.[57] Russia has one of the earth's well-nigh female-biased sex ratios, with 0.859 males to every female,[17] due to its loftier male mortality rate.[58] In 2019, the overall life expectancy in Russia at birth was 73.2 years (68.two years for males and 78.0 years for females),[59] and it had a very depression infant mortality charge per unit (5 per ane,000 live births).[sixty]

The principle crusade of decease in Russian federation are cardiovascular diseases.[61] Obesity is a prevalent health result in Russia; 61.1% of Russian adults were overweight or obese in 2016.[62] However, Russian federation's historically high alcohol consumption rate is the biggest wellness issue in the state,[63] [64] as it remains one of the world'south highest, despite a stark decrease in the last decade.[65] Smoking is some other health issue in the country.[66] The land'due south high suicide rate, although on the decline,[67] remains a significant social effect.[68]

Indigenous groups [edit]

Ethnic groups in Russian federation of more than one million people in 2010

Percentage of ethnic Russians by region in 2010

Russia is a multinational and multiethnic state, with more 193 ethnic groups within its borders. Information technology had a population of 142.8 one thousand thousand co-ordinate to the 2010 Russian Demography,[12] of which around 111 one thousand thousand were ethnic Russians,[69] who constituted 80.9% of the total population, while balance of the 19% of the population were minorities.[21] The sizable numbers of Tatars, Ukrainians, Bashkirs, Chuvash and Chechens in the country fabricated up around eight.4% of the full population. The rest of the x.vi% of the population were diverse Indo-European, Turkic and Finnic peoples.

Some 4-fifths of the Russian population was of European descent according to the 2010 census,[21] counting Slavs and with a substantial minority of Finnic peoples and Germans. The 2010 demography recorded roughly 81% of the population as ethnic Russians, and rest of the xix% of the population as other minorities belonging to over 190 ethnic groups across the land.[70] According to the Un, Russia's immigrant population is the third-largest in the world, numbering over 11.half-dozen 1000000;[71] most of which are from post-Soviet states, mainly Ukrainians.[72]

There are 22 republics in Russia, who have their ain ethnicities, cultures, and languages. In thirteen of them, ethnic Russians plant a minority:

Languages [edit]

Russian is the official and the predominantly spoken language in Russia. It is the almost spoken native language in Europe, the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, equally well equally the world's nigh widely spoken Slavic language.[75] Russian is the 2d-virtually used language on the Internet after English language,[76] and is 1 of 2 official languages aboard the International Space Station,[77] as well as 1 of the half dozen official languages of the United nations.[75]

Russia is a multilingual nation; approximately 100–150 minority languages are spoken across the land.[78] [79] According to the Russian Census of 2002, 142.6 million beyond the country spoke Russian, v.3 one thousand thousand spoke Tatar, and 1.8 one thousand thousand spoke Ukrainian.[eighty] The constitution gives the state'southward individual republics the right to plant their ain state languages in addition to Russian, every bit well as guarantee its citizens the right to preserve their native language and to create conditions for its written report and development.[81] However, diverse experts accept claimed Russia's linguistic diversity is rapidly declining.[82] [83]

Faith [edit]

Organized religion in Russia (2012)[84]

 Other Christians[a] (0.5%)

 Other religions[d] (1.i%)

 Undeclared (5.5%)

Russian federation is a secular country by constitution, and its largest organized religion is Christianity. It has the world's largest Orthodox population.[85] [86] As of a different sociological surveys on religious adherence; betwixt 41% to over 80% of the total population of Russian federation adhere to the Russian Orthodox Church.[87] [88] [89] Other branches of Christianity present in Russia include Roman Catholicism (approx. ane%), Baptists, Pentecostals, Lutherans and other Protestant churches (together totalling near 0.5% of the population) and Erstwhile Believers.[90] [91] At that place is some presence of Judaism, Buddhism, Hinduism and other pagan beliefs are also present to some extent in remote areas, sometimes syncretized with one of the mainstream religions.

In 2017, a survey made by the Pew Enquiry Middle showed that 73% of Russians declared themselves equally Christians—out of which 71% were Orthodox, ane% were Catholic, and 2% were Other Christians, while 15% were unaffiliated, 10% were Muslims, and one% followed other religions.[92] According to various reports, the proportion of Atheists in Russian federation is betwixt sixteen% and 48% of the population.[93]

Islam is the second-largest religion in Russian federation, and information technology is the traditional religion amongst the bulk of the peoples of the N Caucasus, and amongst some Turkic peoples scattered along the Volga-Ural region.[94] Buddhists are home to a sizeable population in the 3 Siberian republics: Buryatia, Tuva, Zabaykalsky Krai, and in Kalmykia; the merely region in Europe where Buddhism is the well-nigh practised religion.[95]

Education [edit]

Russia has an adult literacy rate of 99.7%.[97] It grants complimentary pedagogy to its citizens by constitution.[98] The Ministry of Education of Russian federation is responsible for primary and secondary instruction, as well as vocational education; while the Ministry building of Instruction and Science of Russia is responsible for scientific discipline and higher education.[99] Regional authorities regulate education within their jurisdictions within the prevailing framework of federal laws. Russian federation is amidst the globe's most educated countries, and has the third-highest proportion of 3rd-level graduates in terms of percentage of population, at 62%.[100] Information technology spent roughly 4.7% of its Gdp on educational activity in 2018.[101]

Russia'southward pre-school education system is highly developed and optional,[102] some four-fifths of children anile 3 to half-dozen attend day nurseries or kindergartens. Primary school is compulsory for eleven years, starting from age vi to 7, and leads to a basic general education certificate.[99] An additional two or iii years of schooling are required for the secondary-level certificate, and some seven-eighths of Russians continue their education past this level. Access to an institute of higher instruction is selective and highly competitive:[98] first-degree courses unremarkably take five years.[103] The oldest and largest universities in Russian federation are Moscow Land University and Saint petersburg State Academy.[104] There are ten highly prestigious federal universities beyond the country. Russia was the world's fifth-leading destination for international students in 2019, hosting roughly 300 m.[105]

Urbanized areas [edit]

  • Moscow, the capital and largest metropolis of Russia

Russia is one of the earth's most urbanized countries, with roughly 75% of its total population living in urban areas.[17] Moscow, the capital and largest city, has a population estimated at 12.four million residents inside the city limits,[106] while over 17 million residents in the urban area,[107] and over xx million residents in the metropolitan area.[108] Moscow is among the world's largest cities, being the almost populous city entirely inside Europe, the almost populous urban area in Europe,[107] the most populous metropolitan surface area in Europe,[108] and also the largest city by country surface area on the European continent.[109] Saint Petersburg, the cultural capital, is the second-largest metropolis, with a population of roughly five.4 million inhabitants.[110] Other major urban areas are Yekaterinburg, Novosibirsk, Kazan, Nizhny Novgorod, and Chelyabinsk.

  • v
  • t
  • e

Largest cities or towns in Russian federation

Rosstat (2016 [111] [112]/2017)
Rank Name Federal subject Pop. Rank Name Federal subject Pop.
Moscow
Moscow
Saint Petersburg
Saint petersburg 		1 Moscow Moscow [113]12,381,000 11 Rostov-na-Donu Rostov Oblast 1,120,000 Novosibirsk
Novosibirsk
Yekaterinburg
Yekaterinburg
2 Saint petersburg St. petersburg [113]5,282,000 12 Krasnoyarsk Krasnoyarsk Krai [114]1,084,000
iii Novosibirsk Novosibirsk Oblast [115]1,603,000 13 Perm Perm Krai 1,042,000
4 Yekaterinburg Sverdlovsk Oblast [116]1,456,000 14 Voronezh Voronezh Oblast 1,032,000
v Nizhny Novgorod Nizhny Novgorod Oblast one,267,000 xv Volgograd Volgograd Oblast 1,016,000
half-dozen Kazan Tatarstan [117]1,232,000 16 Krasnodar Krasnodar Krai [118]881,000
7 Chelyabinsk Chelyabinsk Oblast [119]1,199,000 17 Saratov Saratov Oblast 843,000
eight Omsk Omsk Oblast [120]one,178,000 eighteen Tolyatti Samara Oblast [121]711,000
9 Samara Samara Oblast [121]1,170,000 19 Izhevsk Udmurtia [122]646,000
10 Ufa Bashkortostan [123]one,126,000 20 Ulyanovsk Ulyanovsk Oblast 622,000

Run across also [edit]

  • Demographic history of Russia
  • Demographics of Siberia
  • Demographic crisis of Russia
  • List of federal subjects of Russia past total fertility charge per unit
  • List of federal subjects of Russia by life expectancy
  • Genetic studies on Russians
  • Health in Russia
  • Indigenous pocket-size-numbered peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East
  • Russian cantankerous
  • Russian nationality police

Census data:

  • Soviet Demography
  • Russian Empire Census (1897)
  • Russian Census (2002)
  • Russian Census (2010)
  • Russian Demography (2020)
  • List of cities and towns in Russian federation by population

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ In fertility rates, two.1 and above is a stable population and has been marked blue, ii and below leads to an aging population and the outcome is that the population decreases.
  1. ^ Including Old Believers (0.2%), Protestantism (0.2%), and Catholicism (0.1%).
  2. ^ The Sreda Arena Atlas 2012 did not count the populations of 2 Muslim-majority federal subjects of Russia, namely Chechnya and Ingushetia, which together had a population of nearly two meg, thus the proportion of Muslims may be slightly underestimated.[84]
  3. ^ The category included Rodnovers bookkeeping for 44%, Hinduists accounting for 0.1%, and other Pagan religions and Siberian Tengrists and shamans accounting for the rest.[ citation needed ]
  4. ^ Including Judaism (0.1%) and other unspecified religions.

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Further reading [edit]

  • Gavrilova N.Southward., Gavrilov L.A. Aging Populations: Russia/Eastern Europe. In: P. Uhlenberg (Editor), International Handbook of the Demography of Aging, New York: Springer-Verlag, 2009, pp. 113–131.
  • Gavrilova Northward.S., Semyonova V.One thousand., Dubrovina Eastward., Evdokushkina Grand.N., Ivanova A.E., Gavrilov L.A. Russian Bloodshed Crisis and the Quality of Vital Statistics. Population Research and Policy Review, 2008, 27: 551–574.
  • Gavrilova, N.S., Gavrilov, L.A., Semyonova, V.G., Evdokushkina, Grand.N., Ivanova, A.E. 2005. Patterns of trigger-happy crime in Russia. In: Pridemore, W.A. (ed.). Ruling Russia: Law, Law-breaking, and Justice in a Irresolute Society. Boulder, Colorado: Rowman & Littlefield Publ., Inc, 117–145
  • Gavrilova, N.Southward., Semyonova, Five.G., Evdokushkina Grand.N., Gavrilov, Fifty.A. The response of violent mortality to economic crisis in Russia. Population Research and Policy Review, 2000, 19: 397–419.

External links [edit]

  • Igor Beloborodov, Demographic situation in Russian federation in 1992–2010 (written report at the Moscow Demographic Summit — June 2011)
  • Nicholas Eberstadt, Russian federation's Peacetime Demographic Crunch: Dimensions, Causes, Implications (National Bureau of Asian Enquiry Project Report, May 2010)
  • Edited by Julie DaVanzo, Gwen Farnsworth Russia's Demographic "Crisis" 1996 RAND ISBN 0-8330-2446-9
  • Jessica Griffith The Regional Consequences of Russia's Demographic Crisis University of Leicester
  • Results of population policy and current demographic situation (2008)
  • Interactive statistics for all countries, site of United States Census Bureau.
  • 2009 Globe Population Information Canvass Archived 8 June 2017 at the Wayback Auto by the Population Reference Bureau
  • Population density and distribution maps (text is in Russian; the topmost map shows population density based on 1996 information)
  • Ethnic groups of Russian federation
  • Problems with mortality information in Russia
  • V. Borisov "Demographic situation in Russia and the role of mortality in reproduction of population", 2005 (in English language)
  • Pick between mass migration and nascency charge per unit increase equally possible solutions of depopulation problem in Russian federation (in Russian)

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Russia

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